Long-term change of the marine environment and plankton in the Xiamen Sea under the influence of climate change and human sewage

ABSTRACT

Long-term observations of the Xiamen Sea in Fujian Province were used to analyze variations in sea temperature, salinity, inorganic nitrogen (N), activated phosphate (P), and phytoplankton, as well as the features of red tides. Results showed that in recent decades, sea temperature and concentrations of N and P nutrients increased while salinity decreased attributed to climate warming, rainfall, and human sewage. In addition, reduction in the number of phytoplankton species and rising abundance of phytoplankton indicated that the structure of phytoplankton community presented a simplified and minimized trend which magnified the dominance of dominant phytoplankton species. Since 2000, red tides have occurred more frequently, and the eutrophic-type diatom species, Skeletonema costatum appears to be the predominant species. Data suggested that variations of N and P nutrients exert a potent and rapid influence on phytoplankton than sea temperature and ocean salinity.     

Hydrographic and plankton variability in the Saronikos Gulf

Five stations in the Saronikos Gulf were studied during 1983–1984. One located in Elefsis Bay an industrial area, and the others, located at a distance where the effects of effluents were minimized. A differential discharge of untreated urban wastes and industrial effluents adds to the distinctiveness of the two parts. Various physical, chemical and biological (Chlorophyll‐a, phytoplankton, Zooplankton) factors were measured seasonally. Temporal and spatial distribution of surface temperature, salinity, nutrients (N, P, Si), chlorophyll‐a, and plankton were reported and the areas exposed to local eutrophication identified. Significant correlations between phytoplankton standing crop, chlorophyll‐a Zooplankton and various environmental parameters were demonstrated.     

Seismic risk assessment of liquid overtopping in a steel storage tank equipped with a single deck floating roof

Major earthquakes have demonstrated that Natech events can be triggered by liquid overtopping in liquid storage tanks equipped with floating roofs. Thus, research on the dynamic behaviour of steel storage tanks with floating roofs is still required. In this paper, the seismic risk against liquid overtopping in a real steel storage tank with a floating roof was analysed using a simplified model that was validated by a refined finite element model based on the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach. The simplified model utilizes the Lagrangian of a floating roof-fluid system and is capable of providing a response history of the floating roof. It was demonstrated that it could predict the maximum vertical displacement very accurately, while some differences were observed in the response history of vertical displacement. The computational time for a single response history analysis based on the simplified model amounted to a few minutes, which is significantly less demanding compared to hours required for response history analysis in the case of the refined FE model. The simplified model is thus appropriate for the seismic fragility analysis considering the overtopping limit state. It is shown that the fragility curves are significantly affected by the liquid filling level. The risk for liquid overtopping is quite high in the case of a full tank. However, by considering the variation of filling level during the year, the overtopping risk was observed reduced by approximately 30%. Alternatively, the approximate fragility analysis for the liquid overtopping can be performed by utilizing the Eurocode formula for the vertical displacement of liquid. This approach is straightforward, but the formula does not account for the higher mode effects, which may result in overestimated seismic intensity causing overtopping, as discussed in the paper.     

Negative effects of Microcystis blooms on the crustacean plankton in an enclosure experiment in the subtropical China

IntroductionCyanobacteria(i .e .Microcystis aeruginosa) blooms arefrequently associated withchanges of zooplanktoncommunity.Fewzooplanktons can use bloom-formingMicrocystisdirectlybecause of nutritional deficiencies ( Arnold, 1971 ) ,inedibility( Webster …     

叶轮气浮机用浮选剂研究

采用阳离子聚合物的表面活性剂作浮选剂，能增强气泡与絮粒的粘附能力，提高气浮分离效果，用该浮选剂对南充炼油厂的南阳油田稠油污水进行处理，去浊率达到９０％左右，处理效果与美国埃克森公司产３３９０浮选剂相当。     

滤食性鲢鳙鱼对池塘浮游生物的影响

通过鲢鳙鱼不同密度的放养试验，研究了滤食性鱼类对池塘浮游生物结构的影响。结果表明，随鲢鳙鱼密度的增加，浮游植物生产力并不下降，密度有所提高；鲢鳙鱼的放养促使浮游动植物向小型化发展；鲢鳙鱼放养密度对浮游生物多样性指数无明显影响。     

二氧化氯对水中病毒、藻类和浮游动物的失活效果

本文研究了二氧化氯对水中一些主要病毒、藻类和浮游动物的失活效果,以及在不同消毒剂投量、接触时间和pH值等条件下,二氧化氯(ClO_2)对水体中一些微生物的杀灭和失活效果.与液氯对比的结果表明:ClO_2对藻类失活效果优于或相当于液氯;ClO_2对病毒和浮游动物的失活效果显著优于液氯;ClO_2可在一广泛的pH值范围内杀灭微生物.此外,还从理论上初步探讨了ClO_2对病毒的失活机理.研究结果表明,ClO_2是一种优良的液氯替代消毒剂,这对开展ClO_2的研究及其应用有重要意义.     

上海水体营养分级的群落代谢率模型

在标准实验条件下测定天然浮游生物群落产氧率（Ｐ）和呼吸率（Ｒ）。同时结合总氮、总磷、叶绿素ａ等水质化学、生物学指标,运用方差分析、多元逐步回归分析等定量研究手段,确定Ｆ值即√Ｐ×（Ｐ／Ｒ）为代谢率的合适指标评价富营养化。在概率基础上确定Ｆ值的开发型分类,并建立了能快速、准确差别营养污染程度的差别模型。     

十溴二苯醚及其降解产物对浮游生物的毒性

十溴二苯醚(BDE-209)是我国环境中主要的多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)同系物.为研究BDE-209及其降解产物对水环境的影响,以初级消费者浮游动物大型蚤(Daphnia magna)和初级生产者浮游植物水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)为染毒对象,研究BDE-209及其降解不同阶段产物对浮游生物的毒性.结果表明,大型蚤方面,繁殖毒性大于生长毒性,48 h半数致死浓度(48h-LC50)大小为:还原降解中间产物(0.80 mg·L~(-1),高毒)BDE-209(8.74 mg·L~(-1),中毒)还原降解终产物(15.27 mg·L~(-1),低毒),还原-氧化降解终产物的死亡率与溶剂空白一致,表明其基本无毒.水华微囊藻方面,染毒物质的毒性大小顺序与大型蚤一致,1 mg·L~(-1)的BDE-209、还原中间产物、还原终产物及还原-氧化终产物对水华微囊藻的抑制率分别为15.7%、93.7%、6.6%和1.3%.BDE-209降解过程中易生成毒性较大的中间产物,彻底还原脱溴可降低其毒性,后续辅以氧化降解,可消除其环境毒性.     

合肥市大房郢水库蓄水初期水质状况跟踪研究

2005～2006年对蓄水初期的大房郢水库浮游生物进行了调查,初步鉴定结果:浮游植物8门65属103种,以蓝藻门、绿藻门、硅藻门为主,两年期间月平均细胞密度为302.11×104ind/L和633.04×104ind/L,生物量分别为2.2683mg/L和3.4533mg/L;浮游动物88种,两年月平均数量分别为18100ind/L和18891 ind/L,生物量分别为1.817mg/L和1.2183mg/L。按马加利夫多样性指数法判定,大房郢水库水质处于寡污型与β-中污型阶段,水质达到Ⅱ～Ⅲ类水标准。并提出了利用生物操纵技术等方法改善大房郢水库水质的建议。